Description
Abstract: Using retail scanner data, we find that the probability of price adjustment increases with a product's revenue, and the average absolute size of price adjustment decreases with the product's revenue. Furthermore, the responsiveness of prices to monetary shocks increases with product revenue. These facts are consistent with menu cost models in which the menu cost increases less than one-for-one with revenue, and inconsistent with models in which the menu cost increases one-for-one with revenue. In a calibrated menu cost model, the real effect of monetary policy is smaller in economies in which the price response to monetary policy shocks increases with revenue than in economies where no such relationships exist. Together with cyclical shifts in the revenue distribution, the increase in price responsiveness with revenue introduces a counter-cyclical effect that strengthens the real effect of monetary policy during recessions.