Using a novel dataset for the US states, this paper examines whether household debt and the protracted debt deleveraging help explain the dismal performance of US consump[...]

We use internationally comparable household-level data for ten euro area economies and the United States to investigate cross-country differences in debt holdings and the[...]

Using transaction-level data from a three-day shopping diary, we estimate a model of consumer payment instrument choice that disentangles the effect of merchant card acce[...]

For central banks who study the use of cash, acceptance of card payments is an important factor. Surveys to measure levels of card acceptance and the costs of payments ca[...]

One similarity among many developed economies is the predominance of cash over electronic payments in terms of payment frequency, especially for the low-value transaction[...]

This paper assesses the usefulness of consumer sentiment in forecasting aggregate consumer spending in the United States. The literature tends to dismiss the relevance of[...]

Recent studies find that cash remains the dominant payment choice for small-value transactions despite the prevalence of alternative payment methods such as debit and cre[...]

This paper analyzes the effectiveness of debt‐relief programs targeting short‐run household liquidity constraints implemented in Canada in response to the COVID‐19 pandem[...]

Prospective economic developments depend on the behavior of consumer spending. A key question is whether private expenditures recover once social distancing restrictions [...]

One of the most important channels through which monetary policy affects the real economy is changes in mortgage rates. This paper studies the effects of mortgage rate ch[...]